Milwaukee
Journal
June 7, 2008
After all the debate about
broadcast indecency in the past few years, most of us have probably
heard as much as we ever wanted to about fleeting expletives, exposed
nipples and the vagaries of the Federal Communications Commission.
Unfortunately, the
long-overdue conversation we started four years ago about the
legitimacy of government control of media was so quickly derailed by
the clownish grandstanding in Washington that we're essentially right
where we were before halftime of Super Bowl XXXVIII.
Our political leaders have
shown no interest in any kind of intelligent reflection about our
changing media environment or the viability of the FCC's 74-year-old
regulatory framework.
Instead, they have pandered to
us by increasing 10-fold the maximum fines for indecency violations and
by declaring the F-word to be a kind of uber-profanity whose use is
always punishable, even in the context of a serious film ("Schindler's
List") or documentary ("9/11"). Thank goodness for the courts. After
decades of lazy deference, they are finally standing up to all this
pious oversight.
Last June, for example, a
federal appellate court overturned the punishments of several FOX TV
affiliates for their live broadcasts of the Billboard Music Awards in
which Cher (in 2002) and Nicole Richie (in 2003) each dropped the
F-bomb.
The court held that by
punishing every blooper-reel mishap and declaring the F-word indecent
in all contexts, the FCC had strayed from past practice and stretched
the limits of its authority.
That case is now on appeal to
the U.S. Supreme Court, which will hear oral arguments this fall. It
will be the first time in three decades that the court has addressed
broadcast indecency, and it could become a catalytic moment in the
dismantling of government control of media. Or not.
In any case, Congress and the
FCC are forging ahead. In January, the FCC fined 52 ABC-owned stations
$27,500 each for airing an episode of "NYPD Blue" containing a flash of
a woman's backside, and Congress is considering legislation to
explicitly ban fleeting profanity and to authorize FCC regulation of
television violence.
Hopefully, the Supreme Court
will recognize that while the government is ratcheting up its
supervision of media content, the dynamics of the media marketplace are
obliterating the rationales that have traditionally supported it.
Congress and the FCC continue
to defend their interventions by relying on the Supreme Court's
prehistoric First Amendment framework that assigns different
constitutional ranks to each medium.
Print and Internet
communicators get full First Amendment protection, cable system
operators get slightly less, and broadcasters get the least protection
and are legally obligated to serve the "public interest, convenience
and necessity." Whatever sense this scheme made in the analog days of
yore, it is senseless in a world of digitally converged media.
This is especially true in the
indecency context where the government still relies the Supreme Court's
1978 ruling in Pacifica Radio v. FCC, which upheld the punishment of a
radio station for airing comedian George Carlin's "Seven Dirty Words"
monologue. The court held that because broadcast signals are pervasive
and can be accessed by kids outside of their parents' purview,
broadcasters' rights must yield to the public's interest in
child-friendly airwaves.
That was dubious 30 years ago
and is utterly anachronistic today. With the proliferation of
Internet-enabled cell phones and other devices and with the explosion
of wireless networks, it is not an exaggeration to say that all mass
media are pervasive.
It is time for the Supreme
Court to finally kill off its 20th century First Amendment model and to
recognize that we are moving inexorably to a world of fully integrated
communication.
Whenever the court does this -
and it will - we will have two choices. One will be to begin regulating
indecent and violent content in all media, including the Internet. That
would be a logistical impossibility and would destroy the Internet's
distinctiveness as a boundless and unfettered space. The other option
will be to simply end the government's ham-handed regulation of
content, and put the burden back on parents to decide when and how to
shield their kids from provocative material.
By maintaining the current
regulatory scheme, the government not only subverts the Constitution,
it gives parents a false sense of security, and it encourages
broadcasters to narrowly define their social obligations by how
diligently they comply with the law. But most importantly, it diverts
us from the much harder and more important obligation we have to
prepare our kids to make sense of the torrent of media messages to
which they will unavoidably be exposed.
If we spent as much time doing
that as we do constructing these elaborate legal ramparts, we would all
have a whole lot less to worry about.
Erik Ugland is a lawyer and an
assistant professor at Marquette University, where he teaches courses
in media law, ethics and policy.
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